Gynecomastia in teens is common and happens mostly due to hormonal changes and is characterized by excess breast tissue growth. All men have some glandular breast tissue physiologically. However, for some men, it grows more than in others, thereby making the breasts appear more prominent (1). As the condition happens due to hormonal changes, in most cases, it resolves on its own. However, in some cases, certain underlying medical conditions may lead to gynecomastia or swollen breasts in men. To know the exact cause of gynecomastia, consult a professional healthcare provider. Read on as we discuss the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of gynecomastia in teens.
How Common Is Gynecomastia In Teens?
Adolescent gynecomastia is a common condition and starts around the age of ten. Nearly half of all adolescent boys between the ages of 12 and 16 develop gynecomastia in either one or both breasts. Gynecomastia recedes on its own within a few years. By the age of 17 years, only 10% of teenage boys may have persistent gynecomastia (2) (3).
How Long Does Gynecomastia In Teens Last?
Gynecomastia may last for a few months or a few years during puberty. It begins during early puberty and may fade away during middle adolescence. Usually, the breasts reduce within six months to two years (4).
What Causes Gynecomastia In Teens?
Fluctuating hormone levels (estrogen and testosterone) during adolescence is the main cause of gynecomastia in teens. During these fluctuations, elevated estrogen levels could cause enlarged breasts (2). Pubertal gynecomastia is mainly a physiological phenomenon. Pathological gynecomastia is rare and occurs due to an absolute or relative estrogen excess. In rare cases, gynecomastia could occur due to the following reasons (1) (5).
Klinefelter’s syndrome (congenital disorder)
Over-the-counter medications
Side effect of certain drugs (antidepressants, antibiotics, or cancer medications)
Intake of illegal drugs (heroin, marijuana, or steroids)
Adrenal gland or pituitary gland tumors
Cancers of lung or testicles
Thyroid diseases
Diseases of kidney or liver
Some obese teenagers may develop gynecomastia due to the accumulation of fat tissue instead of glandular tissue in the breasts. This is called pseudogynecomastia (false gynecomastia), which is independent of puberty and related hormonal changes.
What Are The Symptoms Of Gynecomastia In Teens?
Gynecomastia in teens can be identified due to the enlargement of either one or both breasts. It may begin as a slight lump beneath the nipple. Breast tenderness may also be present (5). The following symptoms may be present if the breast enlargement is due to non-hormonal reasons (3).
Nipple discharge
Bleeding
Mastalgia (breast pain)
How Is Gynecomastia In Teens Diagnosed?
A physical examination is a primary method of diagnosis. The pediatrician may check the teen’s medical history and suggest any of the following tests to confirm gynecomastia (5) (6).
Breast ultrasonography
Urine tests
Biopsy of the breast tissue
Mammogram of the breast
Blood tests to check for any hormone imbalance and liver profile
What Is The Treatment For Gynecomastia In Teens?
Gynecomastia in teens usually goes away in a few months to a couple of years. If the enlargement is due to puberty, no treatment may be recommended. However, if extreme hormonal imbalance is identified, an endocrinologist may suggest hormonal therapy (5). If gynecomastia is due to other reasons, the treatment could depend on the cause and may include (7):
Weight loss
New medications (based on the illness)
Discontinuing or changing previous medical treatment
Breast reduction surgery
What Are The Complications Of Gynecomastia In Teens?
Benign gynecomastia due to hormonal changes doesn’t cause any complications. However, teens with gynecomastia may face emotional challenges. Increased self-consciousness regarding their appearance might make a teenager skip school and social events. It may even affect their mental health. In addition, adolescents with gynecomastia may frequently opt for loose clothing to hide their physique. These constant thoughts on embarrassment may lead to anxiety and depression (2). Complications may arise after undergoing surgical treatment for gynecomastia. These risks may include (8):
Anesthesia-related risks
Bleeding
Scarring
Irregular breast shape
Internal damage to the structure beneath the breast
Death of fat tissue around the breasts (fat necrosis)
Heart and lung complications
Compromised wound healing
Infection and pain
