The third trimester that begins in the 28th week of pregnancy is also the last. It mostly ends around the 40th week, after the baby is born (1). During these last three months, the body undergoes several physical and physiological changes. This stage prepares the mother and the fetus for the delivery and what comes after. During the last trimester, a few women experience discomforts such as insomnia, antenatal anxiety, and backache (2). Read on to know more about this trimester, the changes you and your baby would undergo, and for a few tips to help you prepare for your labor.
Changes A Fetus Undergoes During The Third Trimester
The third trimester comprises the seventh to the ninth month of pregnancy. The fetus develops and grows rapidly during this period, and its kidneys, lungs, and brain continue maturing (3) (4).
By the 32nd week, the fetus’ cartilages begin to harden, but they are still soft. It’s because they have just started storing minerals, such as calcium and iron. Then, they can hear, sense changes in the light, taste amniotic fluid, grasp, stretch, and listen to sounds. Additionally, they begin appearing plump due to continued fat gain. By the 36th week, the fetus can get in the head-down position in the womb and may drop in the pelvic area (lightening) to prepare for labor. If the baby is in the bottom-down or breech position, your doctor and midwife will discuss with you about the labor and the possibility of cesarean delivery (C-section) (2).
By 38th to 40th week, the baby will shed vernix (creamy, white coating on the skin that protects the fetus’ skin) and lanugo (fine, soft hair on the body). Also, their lungs, brain, kidneys, and musculoskeletal system are mature enough to function independently. Now, your baby will measure about 19 to 21 inches long and weigh six to nine pounds, on average.
Babies born around the 37th week of gestation are considered full term. For a pregnancy that continues beyond the 40th week, the doctor is likely to induce labor.
Changes A Woman Is Likely To Have During The Third Trimester
An expecting mother undergoes turbulent physical and physiological changes in the third trimester. These changes are a sign that the baby is growing and your body is preparing for childbirth. Here’s a brief overview of some changes you will experience during the last trimester of your pregnancy (1) (5). All these changes occurring in the same period may make you anxious (antenatal anxiety) and overwhelmed. But, the good news is that most of these issues will resolve as soon as you deliver the baby.
Signs There’s Something Wrong
Feeling some discomfort and pain in the abdomen or legs in the last trimester is common. But, some peculiar signs may indicate there’s something wrong, and you need to see your healthcare provider right away. These signs are:
Severe abdominal cramps and pain Profuse nausea and vomiting Headaches, blurred vision, stomach pain Vaginal or rectal bleeding Leakage of clear fluid from the vagina Reduced fetal movements Extreme fatigue and dizziness Burning sensation or pain during urination
Tips To Stay Healthy During The Third Trimester
An increase in weight and growing tummy size brings some lifestyle changes that may affect your and your unborn baby’s health. Here are some dos and don’ts to ensure you and your baby stay healthy while approaching childbirth. Dos
Track your weight gain and talk to your doctor if you aren’t gaining weight or gaining too much weight than what’s recommended for you. Keep your total calorie intake within the suggested limits to gain healthy weight. Eat a well-balanced diet containing high-fiber, low-fat, and high-protein foods, such as lean meat, pulses, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
Make healthy snack choices, such as unsweetened yogurt with crackers if you crave sweets or get hunger pangs. Stay hydrated and drink plenty of water. You can also consume other fresh, unsweetened beverages, such as coconut water, soup, and lemon water. Stay active and walk as much as possible unless directed otherwise by your doctor. Do exercises, such as Kegel’s, to strengthen your pelvic area to support childbirth. Take your prenatal vitamins as prescribed. Maintain good dental hygiene and visit your dentist regularly. Take adequate rest, try sleeping well, and indulge in activities that keep birth-related anxiety and stress away.
Besides these, go to your scheduled prenatal visits regularly. The doctor will monitor your and your baby’s health during those visits and check your glucose and hemoglobin level. They will also test you for vaginal group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization. If you test positive, the doctor will put you on antibiotics when your waters break to treat the GBS. Then, in the ninth month, they will examine your cervix for the signs of effacement and dilation. Don’ts
Avoid consuming high-fat, high-sugar, high-sodium, processed foods that can cause weight gain and water retention issues in pregnancy. Abstain from consuming high-mercury fish, raw or smoked seafood, unpasteurized foods, and raw sprouts. Limit or avoid consumption of caffeinated beverages and alcohol. Don’t smoke or use illegal drugs. Avoid high-intensity, strenuous exercises or strength training activities. Take prescription drugs under medical guidance only. Avoid long car and airplane travel from the 32nd week of your pregnancy. It’s a vital precaution for those carrying multiples and those with health issues, as there is a risk of going into preterm delivery and deep vein thrombosis (8).
Tips To Stay Prepared For Delivery
Childbirth can become smoother for you and those supporting you if you stay prepared with some essentials. Here’s a list you can keep handy while you prepare for the “D-day.”
Enroll in a prenatal class (if you haven’t already) to meet other pregnant women. It will help you share experiences and relieve some antenatal anxieties. Also, these classes help you resolve your doubts about labor and its stages. Talk to your doctor and discuss where you want to give birth (home/hospital), how you want your delivery (e.g. water birth), and how you would want to manage your pain during labor (epidural or any other pain-relieving medication). Inform your doctor if you have opted for cord banking. The doctor must know about it so that they can store your umbilical cord properly immediately after delivery. If you have opted for a private cord banking option, don’t forget to pack your cord banking kit in your hospital bag. Read about baby care and breastfeeding. It will help you know the baby cues and baby care techniques, such as burping after feeding, making your breastfeeding journey relatively smooth. Shop for baby essentials, such as diapers, wipes, and clothing, and pack them in the maternity bag. You can also make a checklist of items, such as an iPod and books that you want to carry with you to the hospital.
Buy essential gear, such as a stroller, crib, and car seat, as you need them as soon as you are out of the hospital. If you are using hand-down items, ensure their features sync with the current safety standards. Set up your baby’s nursery. Right from selecting the wall colors to where you want to keep the crib, these are some tasks to keep you occupied during the last trimester. Keep emergency numbers written down in your diary or save them on your or your family member’s phones. Stock pre-prepared, frozen meals in your refrigerator. It will be helpful for the first few days after childbirth when you and other caregivers are engrossed in looking after the newborn.
With all of this, celebrate your baby bump by arranging a baby shower party for family and friends. At that party, you can have a personalized photoshoot and hang the pictures in your baby’s room to cherish those moments lifelong.
Signs Indicating You Are In Labor
As you near the end of pregnancy, here are some signs of real labor you should watch. Vaginal discharge in the last trimester may increase. However, if you see dark brown or pink-colored discharge with blood, go to your doctor right away. This is known as “show”, and its a sign of early labor. Note: If you notice spotting in the last trimester, visit a doctor immediately. Spotting may indicate an underlying problem, such as placenta previa (a condition where the placenta covers the cervix), placental abruption (separation of the placenta from the uterine wall), or preterm labor. Unlike Braxton Hicks contractions, real labor contractions increase in frequency, intensity and duration. Hence, if you feel your contractions are increasing in frequency, duration and intensity, go to your doctor right away. Besides these, if your water breaks, you must visit your doctor immediately.
