Appetite loss during pregnancy is common. Nausea, food aversion, and several other pregnancy-related food issues may occur in women during this time, making them eat less than the recommended proportions (1). Although appetite loss subsides mostly by the end of the first trimester, contact your doctor if it persists or worsens. Poor appetite during pregnancy might cause malnourishment in the developing fetus and adversely affect the mother’s health. Read on to know about the causes and complications of loss of appetite during pregnancy and ways that may help fulfill your nutritional needs.
Reasons For Appetite Loss During First Trimester
Morning sickness, nausea, and vomiting are the main reasons for appetite loss in the first trimester. According to the UK National Childbirth Trust (NCT), 50 to 80 percent of expecting mothers experience them early in pregnancy (2). Additionally, sensitivity to strong smells and the development of a metallic taste in the mouth are other reasons for food aversion, leading to appetite reduction. Fluctuation in pregnancy hormone levels (leptiniXA hormone released by the adipose tissue or body fat, leptin’s primary function is to maintain the body weight for the long term. and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) is another possible cause. Generally, reduced appetite in the first trimester doesn’t affect the health of the mother or the baby. However, in severe cases, it can lead to adverse outcomes. For instance, a mother with hyperemesis gravidarumiXIt is a term used to describe the persistent and extreme form of vomiting and nausea in pregnant women. It can cause dizziness and dehydration. (HG) can experience persistent and severe nausea and vomiting, leading to poor appetite, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances (3). So, what can you do to ensure that you and your growing fetus get optimum nourishment?
Tips To Meet The Nutritional Needs In The First Trimester
Here are some practical tips to ensure you get the nutrients you need for a healthy pregnancy. Besides, seek prompt medical guidance if you are completely unable to eat. Your healthcare professional may prescribe medicines that can reduce nausea or vomiting and help regain your appetite. Note: Chronic appetite loss can cause undernutrition, leading to a higher risk of poor fetal growth, low birth weight, and preterm labor.
Reasons For Appetite Loss During Second Trimester
Most women overcome nausea and vomiting by the 14th week of pregnancy (4). However, it may continue for a few more months or until the end of pregnancy for some women. Then, several women experience reduced appetite due to their growing bellies, which press on their stomachs, making them feel full quickly. Rising progesterone levels is another issue that may reduce appetite by making the gastrointestinal movement sluggish and slowing down digestion. Mental health conditions, such as anxiety and prenatal depression, may also affect appetite. According to research, depression may reduce one’s appetite, especially for healthy food, and increase intake of unhealthy foods (5). Poor diet quality can affect the mother and her unborn baby’s health. Hence, if you feel anxious or depressed, contact your healthcare provider. Don’t shy away from opening up about mental health blues. Instead, get them treated so that they don’t affect your eating habits negatively.
Tips To Meet The Nutritional Needs In The Second Trimester
If you are in your second trimester and still have appetite issues, adhere to your first trimester rituals. In addition, pay attention to specific nutrients that will support your baby’s rapid growth and development during this trimester (6) (7). Besides these, focus on your Omega-3 and Vitamin C intake during pregnancy. You need Omega-3 fats for the healthy development of your baby’s heart, eye, and brain. On the other hand, Vitamin C is vital for facilitating several physiological functions, including your baby’s tooth and bone development.
Reasons For Appetite Loss During Third Trimester
Most pregnant women do not experience nausea and vomiting in the third trimester. Therefore, there is no true appetite loss in the third trimester. However, the growing tummy in the third trimester causes laborious breathing, making eating uncomfortable. Women also experience slow digestion, pregnancy-induced heartburn (acid refluxiXIt is also called gastric reflux and is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus (food pipe), causing chest pain. ), and constipation in the third trimester, hampering their appetite further.
Tips To Meet The Nutritional Needs In The Third Trimester
Adhere to healthy eating and active lifestyle practices even in the last trimester. Focus on the following steps in particular to fight digestive issues, such as heartburn and constipation:
Eat small portions of food at regular intervals Consume high-protein, high-fiber foods from different food groups Drink plenty of water and fluids Stand and eat if you find it inconvenient to sit while eating
